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Diane McGuinness (born 1933) is a cognitive psychologist who has written extensively on sex differences, education, learning disabilities, and early reading instruction.〔(MIT Press )〕 She currently holds the title of Emeritus Professor of Psychology at the University of South Florida. She received undergraduate and graduate degrees in psychology at the University of London: a Bachelor of Science at Birkbeck College (with first class honours), and a PhD at University College London. Over her academic career, she has published over 100 papers, chapters, and books on a number of subjects in the field of psychology. McGuinness is an outspoken critic of whole language instruction but also of phonics as traditionally taught in the United States. She favors an approach to early reading instruction known as synthetic phonics or linguistic phonics, in which the starting point for instruction is the 40-odd phonemes of English.〔(New York Times, October 12, 1997 )〕 In synthetic phonics instruction, each sound is introduced initially with a single "basic code" spelling, e.g. the /ee/ sound is connected to the 'ee' spelling. Students are taught to read by blending all of the sounds in the word. Spelling alternatives for sounds (e.g. for /ee/ the spellings 'y' as in ''funny'', 'ea' as in ''eat'', 'e' as in ''reflex'', 'ie' as in ''cookie'', etc.) are taught later. McGuinness has also introduced the term "code overlap" to describe a spelling (or grapheme) that can stand for more than one sound (phoneme), e.g. the spelling 'ow' can stand for the /ou/ sound as in the word ''now'', or for the /oe/ sound as in the word ''snow''. McGuinness has stirred up controversy for her views on dyslexia and teaching letter names. She argues that dyslexia is not a biological condition but a socially created problem that results from a complex spelling code and ineffective teaching methods. She has argued against teaching the letter names in the early phases of instruction on the grounds that letter names can confuse students. What is important, McGuinness argues, is that students be taught the relationships between sounds and letters. ==Written Works== *''When Children Don't Learn,'' Basic Books (New York City), 1985. *(Editor) ''Dominance, Aggression, and War'', Paragon House Publishers (New York City), 1987. *''Evolution: The Transdisciplinary Paradigm'', ICUS Books, 1987. *''Why Our Children Can't Read, and What We Can Do about It'', Free Press (New York City), 1997. *''My First Phonics Book'', Dorling Kindersley (New York City), 1999. *''Growing a Reader from Birth: Your Child's Path from Language to Literacy'', W.W. Norton and Co. (New York, NY), 2004. *''Early Reading Instruction: What Science Really Tells Us about How to Teach Reading'', MIT Press (Cambridge, MA), 2004. *''Language Development and Learning to Read: The Scientific Study of How Language Development Affects Reading Skill'', MIT Press (Cambridge, MA), 2005. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Diane McGuinness」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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